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Digital health · Identity

ABHA and the Ayushman Bharat Health Mission

The Government of India initiative that gives every citizen a digital health account. It is the reason a lifetime record is possible, and the reason our programmes start with registration rather than with screening.

What an ABHA number is

An identity, not a record

An ABHA number identifies a person within the national digital health ecosystem. It does not itself contain clinical information. Its value is that records created in different places, by different providers, at different times, can be linked to the same person.

This is the single largest thing that has changed in Indian health data in a generation, and it is why the model we run — screen, code, attach, carry — works now and would not have worked ten years ago.

At registration

Generate or link — never both

Beneficiary registersHas an ABHA number?Link the existing numberNo duplicate createdGenerate with consentParent or guardian for a minorYesNoFindings written to the recordCoded at captureDuplicate identities are the failure that destroys longitudinal value.
The identity decision, made once per beneficiary
What we do with it

Four operations

  1. Generate

    Where a beneficiary has no ABHA number, we generate one with consent at registration.

  2. Link

    Where one exists, we link rather than duplicate. Duplicate identities are the failure mode that destroys longitudinal value.

  3. Attach

    Screening findings, laboratory results and consultation notes are written against the identity, coded.

  4. Hand over

    The person leaves with the identity and the means to use it — the card.

What ABDM does not solve

Stated honestly

An identity with no content is an empty file

Registration figures are in the hundreds of millions. Records of clinical substance behind those numbers are far fewer. Our work is on the second number, not the first.

Linkage is not the same as access

A linked record still requires a consent flow to be read by another provider, and that flow has to be usable by somebody standing at a counter.

Coverage is uneven

Penetration varies sharply by district, which is why the first question in any programme scoping is what proportion of the population already has a number.

Register a population.

School, workforce or community.