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Research · Surveillance

Communicable disease surveillance

Prevention and control under authorised surveillance: identifying cases, incidence and prevailing levels, impacts and trends.

The cycle

Detection through response

Distress aid and logisticsDetectCase counts rise above expectedAssessWhere, who, how fastMobiliseVolunteers, staff, instrumentsSupplyMedicines and consumablesReportTo authorities and the publicEvery cycle feeds the next: the surveillance record is the input to the response.Supply Chain Management SystemDemand derived from disease data, not from guesswork
Surveillance feeding response, and response feeding surveillance
What surveillance requires

Four conditions

A stable denominator

You cannot detect a rise without knowing the base.

Consistent case definition

Coded, so that the definition does not drift between observers.

Timeliness

Data that arrives after the outbreak has run is history, not surveillance.

A response path

Detection with no response attached is monitoring, not control.

Authorisation

Whose surveillance this is

Communicable disease surveillance is a function of the state. The Foundation's role is to facilitate it — by producing timely, coded data from the populations it serves and transmitting it to the appropriate agencies — not to substitute for it.

Discuss surveillance integration.

For district and state health authorities.